In the Constitution of one of the "dwarf" states of Europe - the Principalities of Andorra [1] coordination norms are few.
Basically, we are talking about the principle of coherence between the authorities. For example, according to part 1 of Article 44 of the Constitution, The Coprinces are the symbol and guarantee of the permanence and continuity of Andorra as well as of its independence and the maintenance of the spirit of parity in the traditional balanced relation with the neighbouring States. They proclaim the consent of the Andorran State to honour its international obligations in accordance with the Constitution.
In other cases, through the coordination of any action, a state-political or legal decision is made. For example, on the basis of clause (h) of part 1 of Article 45 of the Constitution, The Coprinces, with the countersignature of the Head of Government, or when appropriate, of the Syndic General, have the political responsibility for: expressing the consent of the State to honour its international treaties under the provisions of chapter III of Title IV of the Constitution
Moreover, by virtue of part 2 of the same article, The dispositions provided for in letters g) and h) of this article shall be simultaneously brought to the attention of each Coprince, who shall sanction and enact them or express the consent of the State, as the case may be, and the Coprinces shall order their publication within a period of between eight and fifteen days thereafter.
A similar example. By virtue of point (h) of part 1 of Article 46 of the Constitution, The Coprinces may perform the following acts of their free will: the granting of the agreement for the adoption of the text of an international treaty, in accordance with the provisions of article 66, prior to its parliamentary approval.
A similar approach to coordination is observed in the sectoral legislation.
Andorra is a small state, it a priori does not have complex and ramified authorities, therefore objectively needs coordinating regulation less than other countries in Europe.
Nevertheless, sometimes coordination standards are still encountered here.
For example, according to Article 14 of Regulation of Parliament [2], «The Speaker’s Office, as the governing organ of Parliament, is composed of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker and two secretaries. The Speaker’s Office is presided over, directed and coordinated by the Speaker».
As follows from item 1 Article 248 bis of Law 15/2017, of July 13, described as modification of Law 9/2005 of February 21, qualified as Criminal Code [3], the criminal organization is considered to be the grouping of three or more people that exist for a long time and are coordinated and arranged for the commission of crimes, in accordance with what is established in the international agreements.
Taking this into account, we believe that the use of coordination mechanisms in this volume is justified.
Literature:
1. Constitution of the Principalities of Andorra // http://worldconstitutions.ru/?p=158&page=2
2. Regulation of Parliament Act // http://www.consellgeneral.ad/ fitxers/documents/reglament/Reglament%20ANG.pdf
3. Law 15/2017, of July 13, described as modification of Law 9/2005 of February 21, qualified as Criminal Code // http://www.consellgeneral.ad/ca/activitat-parlamentaria/lleis-aprovades/llei-7-2017-del-cos-de-prevencio-i-extincio-d2019incendis-i-salvaments
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