A great Indian leader Jawaharlal Nehru once said: „Peace is not a relationship of nations. It is a condition of mind brought about by a serenity of soul. Peace is not merely the absence of war. It is also a state of mind. Lasting peace can come only to peaceful people“.This idea was scooped from the ancient Scripture Bhagavad-gita, which proclaims: „Good population in human society is the basic principle for peace, prosperity and spiritual progress in life“.
Modern generation clearly realizes all importance of peace worldwide and the necessity of peacekeeping. For this purpose the United Nations (UN) was founded after the Second World War with the guiding principle to promote international cooperation and prevent future conflicts. Today, the UN continues to promote peace and has active peacekeeping operations around the world. In addition to peacekeeping, “peacekeepers are increasingly charged with assisting in political processes; reforming judicial systems; training law enforcement and police forces; disarming and reintegrating former combatants; supporting the return of internally displaced persons and refugees”.
The UN operates to achieve the goals of peace, prosperity, equality, sustainable development and respect for human rights. As a part of a new sustainable development agenda, the main United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) were adopted on September 25th, 2015 to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all. For the goals to be reached it is necessary to integrate them into directed focused public policy with specific interdisciplinary methods and technics. SDG 16 is: „Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies. The threats of international homicide, violence against children, human trafficking and sexual violence are important to address to promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development. They pave the way for the provision of access to justice for all and for building effective, accountable institutions at all levels.
However, worldwide we are witnessing nowadays, that violent conflict and instability disrupt markets and societies. Half of the world’s population lives in high-risk and conflict-affected areas. For example, in 2014, global economic losses due to violent conflict amounted to over US$9.8 trillion. In 2014 the cynical occupation followed by the annexation of Ukrainian Crimea by Russia and the armed aggression of Russia against Ukraine in the Donbass took place. The ensuing conflict still claims lives today.
Since the early historical stages relations between nations, who were forming Ukrainian and Russian statehood, have never been easy; conflicts and peace treaties were changing each other during many years and centuries. Nowadays the aggravation in Russian-Ukrainian relations obtain negative peak, when in 2014, in response to the Ukrainian “Euromaidan”, Russia annexed Crimea and provoked a war in eastern Ukraine.
The overwhelming majority of leading international and domestic political scientists, military-political experts, military specialists and analysts share the view that in the framework of the implementation of the insidious neo-imperial "hybrid policy", Russia has been unleashed and is now proceeding against Ukraine, the so-called "hybrid war" - "hybrid" in shape and "asymmetric" in content. Its distinction is characterized both by aggressive hostilities under the cover of illegal (informal) armed formations, as well as by the simultaneous use of a wide range of political, economic (including energy and trade-economic), as well as information and advocacy measures, including as a rule, this "hybrid war" begins, and they accompany it throughout the period of hostilities. A number of leading Western experts have unquestionably referred to it as the "new generation war" or the "new generation war".
For the past five years Germany and its Western partners have been trying to resolve the conflict politically, to date without success. The Minsk ceasefire agreements of 2014 and 2015 have still not been implemented. All the directly involved actors bear responsibility. The separatist “People’s Republics” in Donetsk and Luhansk have established dictatorial quasistate structures but remain almost completely dependent on Moscow. Russia refuses to acknowledge its role as a party to the conflict. Ukraine has fulfilled some of its obligations under the Minsk Agreements, but neglected others. The situation is exacerbated by negative dynamics on all levels. Kyiv and the “People’s Republics” are drifting steadily apart, while millions living along the line of contact experience terrible humanitarian suffering. This threatens to establish a state of permanent poverty and underdevelopment in the regions affected by the conflict. The European Union and its member states pursue a division of labour. Brussels maintains Union-wide sanctions against Russia and forges ahead with implementing the Association Agreement with Ukraine. Germany and France conduct peace talks in the so-called Normandy Format. All conflict parties must be reminded to avoid escalation risks. Much greater attention must be directed to the local level and especially the humanitarian crisis. Action at this level is limited in reach but imperative for progress towards peace.
Therefore, new type of a conflict demands new approaches to tackle the problems, which follow it.
According to the author’s point of view, it is vital to examine the combination of legal and spiritual prospects and parameters of sustainable peacebuilding and human rights protection in Russian-Ukrainian conflict for the purpose of finding ways to transition successfully to sustainable conditions of peace, reconciliation, democracy, rule of law and respect for human rights within the frame of achieving the UN SDGs.
Literature:
1. Danylian O. Philisophy of Law. (2009) Kharkiv, Ukraine.
2. A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (1989). Bhagavad-Gita As It Is (Paperback) Mass Market Paperback – Deluxe Edition. Chapter 2. Text 40purport).
3. United Nations Peacekeeping helps countries torn by conflict create the conditions for lasting peace. We are comprised of civilian, police and military personnel. [available at: https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/about-us.
4. Sustainable Development Goals. [available at: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html.
5. Sustainable development Goals. 16. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/peace-justice/
6. Peace. United nations. Global Compact. [available at: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/our-work/governance/peace.
7. Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union countries. The Potomac Foundation. [available at: http://potomacfoundation.com.
8. Sabine Fischer The Donbas Conflict Opposing Interests and Narratives, Difficult Peace Process. German Institute for International and Security Affairs. SWP Research Paper 5 April 2019, Berlin.
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