Emperor Peter I, as is known, attached great importance to the effectiveness of public administration. Having "inherited" from the previous rulers a rather complex and inefficient system of preliminary investigation bodies, he tried to rebuild it in a European way, but did not make significant efforts to change the management of the preliminary investigation bodies and their structure. For the most part, the Emperor sought to minimize the shortcomings of the preliminary investigation system by coordinating the activities of the preliminary investigation bodies. So in the era of Peter the Great, the question of coordination and interaction of various offices and offices arose.
Peter I created the so-called "major" investigative offices, the investigative Office of the Prosecutor General of the Senate and the Investigative Office of the Supreme Court, which already have investigative activities ("major" offices) and operational investigative activities (Search Office), cooperation between which was carried out, including through the Office of the Prosecutor Generalprosecutor [1, 164].
As one of the examples of the interaction of the investigative and operational-search apparatus, the authors note the practice of interaction between the "major" offices as an investigative body with the fiscal service, which was established in the Peter's era, in fact, an analogue of the body carrying out the ORDO in the financial sphere, of course, an analogue for its time [2, 53].
At the same time, it was not necessary to speak fully about the interaction of the investigator and the bodies carrying out the ORDO (police bodies), since the persons who carried out the preliminary investigation also belonged to the executive power system and were part of the police, the investigative activities themselves and operational search activities were a kind of administrative bodies within the framework of the inquisition ruling at that time. process [3, 7].
Thus, until 1860, the investigation of crimes in Russia was carried out by the city and zemstvo police. The preliminary investigation consisted in collecting evidence to identify and expose the culprit. It was divided into preliminary and formal. The main task of the first was to establish the circumstances of the commission of the crime, and during the formal investigation it was found out whether the accused had really committed a crime and whether he was subject to punishment. In both cases, the same body – the police – decided on the usefulness of the preliminary investigation and the possibility of a court hearing.
It was this body, since the time of Peter the Great, that actually coordinated the investigation of criminal cases.
List of sources used:
1. Averchenko A. K. Extra-departmental investigative apparatus: plans and reality // Journal of Russian Law. 2005. No. 3. - pp.161-166.
2. Serov D.O., Fedorov A.V. Cases and fates of Russian investigators: M.A. Kosoy // Russian investigator. 2016. No. 23. - pp.51-56.
3. Volchkova A.A. Institute of Judicial Investigators in Pre-revolutionary Russia (historical and legal analysis). Abstract of the dissertation of the Candidate of Legal Sciences. N.Novgorod. 2005– - 28 p.
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