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̲ÆÍÀÐÎÄÍÈÉ ÊÐÈ̲ÍÀËÜÍÈÉ ÑÓÄ: ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÀ ÒÀ ÔÓÍÊÖ²¯
 
09.10.2020 10:24
Author: Íàëóöèøèí Âîëîäèìèð ³êòîðîâè÷, êàíäèäàò þðèäè÷íèõ íàóê, äîöåíò êàôåäðè êðèì³íàëüíîãî ïðàâà òà ïðîöåñó Õìåëüíèöüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó óïðàâë³ííÿ òà ïðàâà ³ìåí³ Ëåîí³äà Þçüêîâà, ì. Õìåëüíèöüêèé, Óêðà¿íà
[Section 4. Criminal law. Criminal judicial law. Criminalistics. Criminology. Criminal-executive law. Medical law. Judicial and law enforcement institutions. Advocacy]

 ì³æíàðîäíîìó êðèì³íàëüíîìó ïðàâ³ ïèòàííÿ ïðèòÿãíåííÿ îñ³á çà â÷èíåííÿ ì³æíàðîäíèõ çëî÷èí³â, çëî÷èí³â ì³æíàðîäíîãî õàðàêòåðó òà ì³æíàðîäíèõ ïðàâîïîðóøåíü çàâæäè áóëî àêòóàëüíèì. Ñàìå ç ö³ºþ ìåòîþ ³ áóâ ñòâîðåíèé ̳æíàðîäíèé êðèì³íàëüíèé ñóä (äàë³ – ÌÊÑ) – ïåðøèé ïîñò³éíèé ïðàâîâèé ³íñòèòóò, äî êîìïåòåíö³¿ ÿêîãî âõîäèòü ïåðåñë³äóâàííÿ îñ³á, â³äïîâ³äàëüíèõ çà ãåíîöèä, â³éñüêîâ³ çëî÷èíè ³ çëî÷èíè ïðîòè ëþäÿíîñò³.

Ñòðóêòóðà ÌÊÑ ÿê ì³æíàðîäíîãî ñóäîâîãî îðãàíó áàçóºòüñÿ íà ³íñòèòóö³éíèõ ïðèíöèïàõ, íàëåæíèõ çàáåçïå÷èòè êîíêðåòí³ çàâäàííÿ ïî â³äïðàâëåííþ ñïðàâåäëèâîãî ³ íåçàëåæíîãî ïðàâîñóääÿ. 

Äî ñêëàäó ñòðóêòóðè ÌÊÑ âõîäÿòü òàê³ ïîñò³éíî ä³þ÷³ îðãàíè ÿê: Ïðåçèä³ÿ, ³ää³ëåííÿ ïîïåðåäíüîãî ïðîâàäæåííÿ, Ñóäîâå â³ää³ëåííÿ, Àïåëÿö³éíå â³ää³ëåííÿ, Êàíöåëÿð³ÿ ïðîêóðîðà ³ Ñåêðåòàð³àò.

Çîêðåìà, ÌÊÑ ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç 18 ñóää³â, ùî îáèðàþòüñÿ íà îñíîâ³ ïðåäñòàâíèöòâà îñíîâíèõ ïðàâîâèõ ñèñòåì, à òàêîæ ñïðàâåäëèâîãî ãåîãðàô³÷íîãî ³ ãåíäåðíî¿ ïðåäñòàâíèöòâà.

Ïðåçèä³ÿ ÌÊÑ ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç Ãîëîâè òà 2 â³öå-ãîë³â, ùî îáèðàþòüñÿ ïîâíèì ñêëàäîì ñóää³â íà 3-ð³÷íèé òåðì³í àáî íà òåðì³í äî çàê³í÷åííÿ ¿õ ïîâíîâàæåíü ÿê ñóää³â (â çàëåæíîñò³ â³ä òîãî, ÿêèé ñòðîê çàê³í÷óºòüñÿ ðàí³øå).

Ïðåçèä³ÿ â³äïîâ³äຠçà óïðàâë³ííÿ âñ³ìà îðãàíàìè Ñóäó (çà âèíÿòêîì Êàíöåëÿ𳿠ïðîêóðîðà). Íà Ïðåçèä³þ ïîêëàäåí³ òàêîæ ïèòàííÿ çîâí³øí³õ çâ’ÿçê³â ÌÊÑ ³ ïèòàííÿ, ïîâ’ÿçàí³ ç âèêîíàííÿì ïîêàðàííÿ.

Âñ³ ñóää³ ÌÊÑ ðîçïîä³ëÿþòüñÿ ïî òðüîõ â³ää³ëåííÿõ. Òàê, Àïåëÿö³éíå â³ää³ëåííÿ ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç Ãîëîâè òà ùå 4 ñóää³â, Ñóäîâå â³ää³ëåííÿ – íå ìåíøå í³æ ç 6 ñóää³â, ³ää³ëåííÿ ïîïåðåäíüîãî ïðîâàäæåííÿ – íå ìåíøå í³æ ç 6 ñóää³â. Ôóíêö³¿ ñóäî÷èíñòâà â êîæíîìó ç â³ää³ëåíü çä³éñíþþòüñÿ ñóäîâèìè ïàëàòàìè. Àïåëÿö³éíà ïàëàòà âêëþ÷ຠâ ñåáå âñ³õ ñóää³â Àïåëÿö³éíîãî â³ää³ëåííÿ, ôóíêö³¿ Ñóäîâî¿ ïàëàòè ³ ïàëàòè ïîïåðåäíüîãî ïðîâàäæåííÿ çä³éñíþþòüñÿ 3 ñóääÿìè (â îêðåìèõ âèïàäêàõ ôóíêö³¿ Ïàëàòè ïîïåðåäíüîãî ïðîâàäæåííÿ ìîæóòü çä³éñíþâàòèñÿ îäíîîñ³áíî ñóääåþ) [1].

Îñíîâíîþ ôóíêö³ºþ ÌÊÑ, áåççàïåðå÷íî, º ðîçãëÿä ñïðàâ ùîäî â÷èíåííÿ îñîáîþ ì³æíàðîäíèõ çëî÷èí³â à òàêîæ âèíåñåííÿ ñïðàâåäëèâîãî ñóäîâîãî ð³øåííÿ çà ðåçóëüòàòîì öüîãî ðîçãëÿäó. Äëÿ íàëåæíîãî âèêîíàííÿ ö³º¿ ôóíêö³¿ âàæëèâó ðîëü â³ä³ãðຠçàáåçïå÷åííÿ âèêîíàííÿ ôóíêö³é ðîçñë³äóâàííÿ ³ îáâèíóâà÷åííÿ â ì³æíàðîäíîìó êðèì³íàëüíîìó ïðîöåñ³.

Çã³äíî ç³ ñòàòòåþ 15 Ðèìñüêîãî ñòàòóòó ì³æíàðîäíîãî êðèì³íàëüíîãî ñóäó ï³ñëÿ çàê³í÷åííÿ ðîçñë³äóâàííÿ, ßêùî Ïðîêóðîð ðîáèòü âèñíîâîê ïðî íàÿâí³ñòü äîñòàòí³õ ï³äñòàâ äëÿ ïîðóøåííÿ ðîçñë³äóâàííÿ, â³í àáî âîíà çâåðòàºòüñÿ äî Ïàëàòè ïîïåðåäíüîãî ïðîâàäæåííÿ ç ïðîõàííÿì äàòè ñàíêö³þ íà ïðîâåäåííÿ ðîçñë³äóâàííÿ ðàçîì ç áóäü-ÿêèìè ç³áðàíèìè ìàòåð³àëàìè, ùî ï³äêð³ïëþþòü öå ïðîõàííÿ [2].

˳òåðàòóðà:

1. Ïåðåïüîëê³í Ñ. Ì. Þðèñäèêöiÿ ìiæíàðîäíîãî êðèìiíàëüíîãî ñóäó òà ¿¿ âèçíàííÿ Óêðà¿íîþ. ³ñíèê ϳâäåííîãî ðåã³îíàëüíîãî öåíòðó Íàö³îíàëüíî¿ àêàäå쳿 ïðàâîâèõ íàóê Óêðà¿íè. 2017. ¹ 10. Ñ. 243-250.

2. Ðèìñüêèé ñòàòóò ì³æíàðîäíîãî êðèì³íàëüíîãî ñóäó. Ðåæèì äîñòóïó: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_588#Text



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